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	<title>cnn &#8211; Yoga Ari Tofan, S.Kom., M.Kom.</title>
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		<title>Classification of Eye Diseases Using the AlexNet Convolutional Neural Network Model Algorithm</title>
		<link>https://yogatofan.com/research-publications/classification-of-eye-diseases-using-the-alexnet-convolutional-neural-network-model-algorithm/</link>
		
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		<pubDate>Wed, 05 Nov 2025 11:54:58 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Riset & Publikasi]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[alexnet]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[classification]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[cnn]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[deep learning]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[eye diseases]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[journal]]></category>
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					<description><![CDATA[This study uses the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) method with the AlexNet model to classify eye diseases based on medical images. The dataset includes labeled images of three types of eye diseases: cataract, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy.]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<p><strong>Authors</strong>: Moch Deny Pratama, Royal Fajar Sultoni, Adil Sandy Wardhani, Maulana Hassan Sechuti, Yerezqy Bagus, Dina Zatusiva Haq, Yoga Ari Tofan<br><strong>Year</strong>: 2025<br><strong>Publisher</strong>: IJCONSIST: International Journal Of Computer, Network Security and Information System<br><strong>Type</strong>: Journal<br><strong>DOI / URL</strong>: <a href="https://doi.org/10.33005/ijconsist.v7i1.160" data-type="link" data-id="https://doi.org/10.33005/ijconsist.v7i1.160" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://doi.org/10.33005/ijconsist.v7i1.160</a></p>



<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Abstract</strong></h2>



<p>This study uses the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) method with the AlexNet model to classify eye diseases based on medical images. The dataset includes labeled images of three types of eye diseases: cataract, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy. The experimental results show that the model achieved an accuracy of 75.18%, which indicates that CNN with the AlexNet architecture can classify eye diseases quite well. This research shows that deep learning can be used to help doctors or health professionals in diagnosing eye diseases through automatic image analysis. Although the accuracy still needs to be improved, this study can serve as a reference for developing an automated diagnostic system in the future. Further research is expected to increase accuracy, expand the dataset, and apply other deep learning techniques to improve the performance of eye disease detection.</p>



<p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Classification of Eye Diseases, Convolutional Neural Network, Alexnet, Deep Learning</p>



<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Citation</strong></h2>



<p>M. Ptito, M. Bleau, and J. Bouskila, “The retina: a window into the brain,”&nbsp;<em>Cells</em>, vol. 10, no. 12, MDPI, p. 3269, 2021.</p>



<p>K. Kansal and H. Khan, “Environmental factors and eye health: Protecting your vision in a changing world,”&nbsp;<em>Int. J. Ophthalmol. Optom.</em>, vol. 5, pp. 33–35, 2023.</p>



<p>G. Arslan and Ç. B. Erdaş, “Detection of cataract, diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma eye diseases with deep learning approach,”&nbsp;<em>Intell. Methods Eng. Sci.</em>, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 42–47, 2023.</p>



<p>D. C. R. Novitasari, P. Wulandari, and D. Z. Haq, “Cervical Cancer Diagnosis System using Convolutional Neural Network ResidualNet,”&nbsp;<em>Int. J. Comput.</em>, vol. 21, no. 1 SE-, pp. 61–68, Mar. 2022, doi: 10.47839/ijc.21.1.2518.</p>



<p>J. Sanghavi and M. Kurhekar, “Ocular disease detection systems based on fundus images: a survey,”&nbsp;<em>Multimed. Tools Appl.</em>, vol. 83, no. 7, pp. 21471–21496, 2024.</p>



<p>D. Marcella, Y. Yohannes, and S. Devella, “Klasifikasi penyakit mata menggunakan Convolutional Neural Network dengan arsitektur VGG-19,”&nbsp;<em>J. Algoritm.</em>, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 60–70, 2022.</p>



<p>A. E. Suwanda and D. Juniati, “Klasifikasi Penyakit Mata Berdasarkan Citra Fundus Retina Menggunakan Dimensi Fraktal Box Counting Dan Fuzzy K-Means,” 2022.</p>



<p>J. Qiu, X. Lu, X. Wang, C. Chen, Y. Chen, and Y. Yang, “Research on image recognition of tomato leaf diseases based on improved AlexNet model,”&nbsp;<em>Heliyon</em>, vol. 10, no. 13, 2024.</p>



<p>G. V. Doddi, “Eye Disease Retinal Images,”&nbsp;<em>Kaggle</em>, 2022.<br><a href="https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/gunavenkatdoddi/eye-diseases-classification">https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/gunavenkatdoddi/eye-diseases-classification</a></p>



<p>H. Eldem, E. Ülker, and O. Y. Işıklı, “AlexNet architecture variations with transfer learning for classification of wound images,”&nbsp;<em>Eng. Sci. Technol. an Int. J.</em>, vol. 45, p. 101490, 2023.</p>



<p>T. Sivakumari and R. Vani, “Implementation of alexnet for classification of knee osteoarthritis,” in&nbsp;<em>2022 7th International Conference on Communication and Electronics Systems (ICCES)</em>, 2022, pp. 1405–1409.</p>



<p>S. Kavitha, B. Dhanapriya, G. N. Vignesh, and K. R. Baskaran, “Neural style transfer using vgg19 and alexnet,” in&nbsp;<em>2021 International Conference on Advancements in Electrical, Electronics, Communication, Computing and Automation (ICAECA)</em>, 2021, pp. 1–6.</p>



<p>G. Naidu, T. Zuva, and E. M. Sibanda, “A review of evaluation metrics in machine learning algorithms,” in&nbsp;<em>Computer science on-line conference</em>, 2023, pp. 15–25.</p>



<p>S. Sathyanarayanan and B. R. Tantri, “Confusion matrix-based performance evaluation metrics,”&nbsp;<em>African J. Biomed. Res.</em>, vol. 27, no. 4S, pp. 4023–4031, 2024.</p>



<p>D. Z. Haq and C. Fatichah, “Ultrasound Image Synthetic Generating Using Deep Convolution Generative Adversarial Network For Breast Cancer Identification,”&nbsp;<em>IPTEK J. Sci. Technol.</em>, vol. 34, no. 1, 2023, doi:&nbsp;<a>http://dx.doi.org/10.12962/j20882033.v34i1.14968</a>.</p>



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<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Links</h3>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Publisher Page: <a href="https://ijconsist.org/index.php/ijconsist/article/view/160" data-type="link" data-id="https://ijconsist.org/index.php/ijconsist/article/view/160" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://ijconsist.org/index.php/ijconsist/article/view/160</a></li>



<li>Google Scholar: <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cluster=9341093393877158497" data-type="link" data-id="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cluster=9341093393877158497" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cluster=9341093393877158497</a></li>
</ul>
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			</item>
		<item>
		<title>A Systematic Comparison of Software Requirements Classification</title>
		<link>https://yogatofan.com/research-publications/a-systematic-comparison-of-software-requirements-classification/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[yogatofan]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 01 Jan 2021 11:29:19 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Riset & Publikasi]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[classification]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[cnn]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[fasttext]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[journal]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[software requirements]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[svm]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://yogatofan.com/?p=169</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Authors: Fajar Baskoro, Rasi Aziizah Andrahsmara, Brian Rizqi Paradisiaca Darnoto, Yoga Ari TofanYear: 2021Publisher: IPTEK The Journal for Technology &#38; ScienceType: JournalDOI / URL: https://doi.org/10.12962/j20882033.v32i3.13005 Abstract Software requirements specification (SRS) is an essential part of software development. SRS has two features: functional requirements (FR) and non-functional requirements (NFR). Functional requirements define the needs that are [&#8230;]]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<p><strong>Authors</strong>: Fajar Baskoro, Rasi Aziizah Andrahsmara, Brian Rizqi Paradisiaca Darnoto, Yoga Ari Tofan<br><strong>Year</strong>: 2021<br><strong>Publisher</strong>: IPTEK The Journal for Technology &amp; Science<br><strong>Type</strong>: Journal<br><strong>DOI / URL</strong>: <a href="https://doi.org/10.12962/j20882033.v32i3.13005" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://doi.org/10.12962/j20882033.v32i3.13005</a></p>



<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Abstract</strong></h2>



<p>Software requirements specification (SRS) is an essential part of software development. SRS has two features: functional requirements (FR) and non-functional requirements (NFR). Functional requirements define the needs that are directly in contact with stakeholders. Non-functional requirements describe how the software provides the means to carry out functional requirements. Non-functional requirements are often mixed with functional requirements. This study compares four primarily used machine learning methods for classifying functional and nonfunctional requirements. The contribution of our research is to use the PROMISE and SecReq (ePurse) dataset, then classify them by comparing the FastText+SVM, FastText+CNN, SVM, and CNN classification methods. CNN outperformed other methods on both datasets. The accuracy obtained by CNN on the PROMISE dataset is 99% and on the Seqreq dataset is 94%.</p>



<p><strong>Keywords</strong>: CNN; FastText; Requirements Classification; Software Requirements; SVM</p>



<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Citation</strong></h2>



<p>Haque MA, Rahman MA, Siddik MS. Non-Functional Requirements Classification with Feature Extraction and Machine Learning: An Empirical Study. In: 1st International Conference on Advances in Science, Engineering and Robotics Technology 2019 (ICASERT 2019) IEEE; 2019. p. 1–5.</p>



<p>Hakim L, Rochimah S, Fatichah C. Evaluasi kombinasi hipernin dan sinonim untuk klasifikasi kebutuhan non-functional berbasis ISO/IEC 25010. Jurnal Teknologi Informasi dan Ilmu Komputer 2019 10;6:491–500.</p>



<p>Gu Y, Zhang S, Qiu L, Wang Z, Zhang L. A layered KNN-SVM approach to predict missing values of functional requirements in product customization. Applied Sciences 2021 3;11:2420.</p>



<p>Osman MH, Zaharin MF. Ambiguous Software Requirement Specification Detection: An Automated Approach. In: Proceedings &#8211; International Conference on Software Engineering IEEE Computer Society; 2018. p. 33–40.</p>



<p>Vanicek J. Software quality requirements. Agric Econ 2008;52:177–185.</p>



<p>Supriyono S. Penerapan ISO 9126 dalam pengujian kualitas perangkat lunak pada E-book. MATICS 2019 10;11:9.</p>



<p>Shreda QA, Hanani AA. Identifying non-functional requirements from unconstrained documents using natural language processing and machine learning approaches. IEEE Access 2021;4:1–22.</p>



<p>Solomin AA, Ivanova Bolotova YA. Modern approaches to multiclass intent classification based on pre-trained transformers. Scientific and Technical Journal of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics 2020;4(1):532–538.</p>



<p>Li LF, Jin-An NC, Kasirun ZM, Piaw CY. An empirical comparison of machine learning algorithms for classification of software requirements. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications 2019;10(11):258–263.</p>



<p>Tóth L, Vidács L. Study of the performance of various classifiers in labeling non-functional requirements. Information Technology and Control 2019;48(3):432–445.</p>



<p>Abdel Qader A. A novel intelligent model for classifying and evaluating non-functional security requirements form scenarios. Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 2019 sep;15(3):1578–1585.</p>



<p>Rago A, Marcos C, Diaz-Pace JA. Using semantic roles to improve text classification in the requirements domain. Language Resources and Evaluation 2018 sep;52(3):801–837.</p>



<p>Rahman MA, Haque MA, Tawhid MNA, Siddik MS. Classifying Non-Functional Requirements Using RNN Variants for Quality Software Development. In: MaLTeSQuE 2019 &#8211; Proceedings of the 3rd ACM SIGSOFT International Workshop on Machine Learning Techniques for Software Quality Evaluation, co-located with ESEC/FSE 2019 Association for Computing Machinery, Inc; 2019. p. 25–30.</p>



<p>Fahmi AA, Siahaan D. Algorithms comparison for non-requirements classification using the semantic feature of software requirement statements. IPTEK The Journal for Technology and Science 2021 1;31:343.</p>



<p>Tiun S, Mokhtar UA, Bakar SH, Saad S. Classification of Functional and Non-Functional Requirement in Software Requirement Using Word2vec and Fast Text. In: Journal of Physics: Conference Series, vol. 1529 Institute of Physics Publishing; 2020. p. 42077.</p>



<p>Rahimi N, Eassa F, Elrefaei L. An ensemble machine learning technique for functional requirement classification. Symmetry 2020 10;12:1–26.</p>



<p>Canedo ED, Mendes BC. Software requirements classification using machine learning algorithms. Entropy 2020 9;22:1–20.</p>



<p>Baker C, Deng L, Chakraborty S, Dehlinger J. Automatic Multi-Class Non-Functional Software Requirements Classification Using Neural Networks. In: Proceedings &#8211; International Computer Software and Applications Conference, vol. 2 IEEE Computer Society; 2019. p. 610–615.</p>



<p>Houmb SH, Islam S, Knauss E, Jurjens J, Schneider K. Eliciting security requirements and tracing them to design: An integration of common criteria, heuristics, and UMLsec. Requirements Eng 2020;15:63–93.</p>



<p>Dekhtyar A, Fong V. RE Data Challenge: Requirements Identification with Word2Vec and TensorFlow. In: Proceedings-2017 IEEE 25th International Requirements Engineering Conference, RE 2017 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.; 2017. p. 484–489.</p>



<p>Hey T, Keim J, Koziolek A, Tichy WF. NoRBERT: Transfer Learning for Requirements Classification. In: in Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Requirements Engineering; 2020. p. 169–179.</p>



<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Links</h3>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Publisher Page: <a href="https://iptek.its.ac.id/index.php/jts/article/view/13005" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://iptek.its.ac.id/index.php/jts/article/view/13005</a></li>



<li>Google Scholar: <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cluster=1908119983044836934" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cluster=1908119983044836934</a></li>
</ul>
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